PEPPER

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ORIGINAL PAPER
397
Volume 7 (2006) No. 3 (397-400)
ACCUMULATION OF 134CS IN THE PEPPER DEPENDING ON SOIL
CHARACTERISTICS AND METHODS FOR REDUCTION OF THE TRANSFER OF
RADIONUCLIDES FROM THE SOIL INTO THE VEGETATION PRODUCTION
Staneva D., Yordanova I., Bineva Tz.
Institute for Cryobiology and Food Technology, Laboratory of Radioecology and Radioisotope Research
7, Shousse Bankya Str, 1080 SOFIA, BULGARIA, E-mail:donastaneva@abv.bg
Manuscript received: May 30, 2006; Reviewed: November 19, 2006; Accepted for publication: November 20, 2006
ABSTRACT
The particularities of the soil as sorbent, its complex composition and the differences in its properties impose the
research of the accumulation of the The development of methods for reduction of the transfer of radionuclides from
the soil into the vegetation production being of particular significance for the implementation agricultural activities in
conditions of radioactive pollution of the soil, the impact of potassium, calcium and EDTA or ethylenediaminetetraac
etic acid over the accumulation of radio-caesium from the soil into the plants. As it is seen from the results presented,
the input of potassium, calcium and EDTA in the Orthic Luvisols significantly decreased the input of Сs-134 into the
pepper plants.
Key words:
134
Cs, plants, transfer factor, accumulation.
РЕЗЮМЕ
Особеностите на почвата като сорбент, сложния и състав и различията в свойствата и налагат изследването
на усвояването на радиоактивните елементи от растения, отглеждани на типични за България почви. От
особена важност за провеждането на земеделска дейност в условия на радиактино замърсяване на почвата е
разработването на методи за намаляване трансфера на радионуклидите от почвата в растителната продукция,
беше изследвано влиянието на калий, калций и ЕДТА върху натрупването на радиоцезия от почвата в
растенията. От получените резултати може да се каже, че с внасянето на калий, калций и ЕДТА в сивата горска
почва, значително се намалява постъпването на Сs-134 в растенията.
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398
Journal of Central European Agriculture Vol 7 (2006) No 3
Staneva D., Yordanova I., Bineva Tz.
РАЗШИРЕНО РЕЗЮМЕ
Особеностите на почвата като сорбент, сложния
и състав и различията в свойствата и налагат
изследването на усвояването на радиоактивните
елементи от растения, отглеждани на типични за
България почви. Установяването на коефициентите
на натрупване в различните растения от една страна
и в различните органи на самите растения дава
възможност в случай на радиоактивно замърсяване
на почвата да бъдат оползотворени онези части
от растенията които не допринасят за дозовото
натоварване на хора и животни. От особена
важност за провеждането на земеделска дейност в
условия на радиактино замърсяване на почвата е
разработването на методи за намаляване трансфера
на радионуклидите от почвата в растителната
продукция, беше изследвано влиянието на калий,
калций и ЕДТА върху натрупването на радиоцезия от
почвата в растенията.
За целта беше проведен съдов вегетационен опит
с пипер сорт “Софийска капия”, върху две почвени
различия – алувиална ливадна почва и сива горска в
които бе добавен цезий-134. Радиоактивният цезий-
134 внесяхме в почвата в активности, позволяващи
детектирането им в растителната маса (с грешка не
надвишаваща 10%) и неувреждащи растенията при
тяхната вегетация – 0,36 kBq.g
-1
почва.
От получените резултати може да се каже, че с
внасянето на калий, калций и ЕДТА в сивата горска
почва, значително се намалява постъпването на Сs-
134 в растенията. Най-висок ефект има внасянето
на 1 mg ЕДТА на kg почва – Tf намаляват с 94%.
Внасянето на калций води до намаляване на Tf с 90 %,
а това на калий и по-ниските концентрации на ЕДТА
(0,1 mg/kg и 0,5 mg/kg почва) - с 88%.При алувиално
ливадната почва най–висок ефект има внасянето
на калций в почвата – трансферните коефициенти
намаляват с 58 %, при растенията с внасяне на
калий този процент е 29, докато внасянето на ЕДТА
намалява Tf с 8 и 18 % съответно.
INTRODUCTION
The particularities of the soil as sorbent, its complex
composition and the differences in its properties impose
the research of the accumulation of the radioactive
elements by plants grown on soils typical for Bulgaria.
The establishment of the transfer factor in the various
plants on the one hand and in the various organs of the
plants themselves provides for a possibility for utilization
of those parts of the plants which do not contribute to
the dosage loading of people and animals in event of
radioactive pollution of the soil.
The development of methods for reduction of the
transfer of radionuclides from the soil into the vegetation
production being of particular significance for the
implementation agricultural activities in conditions of
radioactive pollution of the soil, the impact of potassium,
calcium and EDTA or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
over the accumulation of radio-caesium from the soil into
the plants.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
For the purpose a vessel vegetation experiment with
pepper of the “Sofia Long Fleshy Pepper” sort was
carried out over two soil varieties – Fluvisols and Orthic
Luvisols (FAO), which cesium-134 was added to.
Tables 1 represent the agro-chemical characteristics and
the mechanical composition of the researched soils [2].
The vegetation experiment was carried out in conformity
with the generally adopted methodology in vessels
with 3,5 kg soil three times and with three controls. We
placed the nutrient substances in the soil in quantities
guaranteeing the normal development of the relevant
culture, prior to the input of the radioactive substances.
We waited for 10 days for the attainment of the natural
humidity and balance in the soil after its processing with
the nutrient solutions. We input the radioactive isotopes
in the relevant activities and a certain volume of distilled
water in such a manner that they should imitate the
conditions of soil contamination through the irrigation
waters. Another 10 days later which were waited for the
penetration of the radioactive solutions into the entire
volume of soil we sowed the relevant plants [3].
We placed the radioactive cesium-134 into the soil in
activities allowing for their detection in the vegetation
material (with an error not exceeding 10%) and not
damaging the plants during their vegetation – 0,36 kBq.
g
-1
soil.
We dried the vegetation material up to air-dried status and
spectrometered in a multi-channel analyzer CANBERRA
with Ge/Li semi-conductor detector with effectiveness
12%, resolution of 1,8 Kev (for 661,6 keV) and detector
of pure Ge with effectiveness 20% and resolution 1,3
KeV[1].
“Transfer factor” expressing the ratio of the activities in
1 g air dry mass per 1 g soil was used for the evaluation
of the passing of the radionuclide in the various organs
of the plants.
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ACCUMULATION OF 134CS IN THE PEPPER DEPENDING ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND METHODS FOR
REDUCTION OF THE TRANSFER OF RADIONUCLIDES FROM THE SOIL INTO THE VEGETATION PRODUCTION
399
J. Cent. Eur. Agric. (2006) 7:3, 397-400
Table 1.- Agrochemical characteristics of the examined soils
1
Soil types /FAO
pH
KCl
Humus
%
Ca + Mg
Meq.100g
-1
Ca
Meq.100g
-1
K
2
O
Mg.100g
-1
<0.01
mm
Fluvisols
5,1
0,58
8,3
7,45
23,2
22,9
Orthic Luvisols
3,8
1,46
14,0
12,80
20,0
43,0
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
Tf
Cs-134
Cs-134+K Cs-134+Ca Cs-134 + 0,1
mg EDTA
Cs-134 +
0,05 mg
EDTA
Fig. 1 Transfer factors into the Fluvisols
Фиг. 1 Фактор на трансфер при алувиално-ливадна почва
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
Tf
Cs-134
Cs-
134+K
Cs-
134+Ca
Cs-134+
1 mg
EDTA
Cs-134
+ 0,1 mg
EDTA
Cs-134
+ 0,05
mg
EDTA
Fig. 2 Transfer factors into the Orthic Luvisols
Фиг. 1 Фактор на трансфер при сива горска почва
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400
Journal of Central European Agriculture Vol 7 (2006) No 3
Staneva D., Yordanova I., Bineva Tz.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
As the main goal of these studies is the development of
methods for the decrease of the transfer of cesium from
the soil into the vegetation production, the impact of
potassium, calcium and EDTA or ethylenediaminetetr
aacetic acid over the accumulation of cesium from the
soil into the plants was researched. For the purpose the
following quantities of these elements: - potassium, as
K
2
SO
4,
respectively 444 mg.kg
-1
soil, calcium as CaCO
3
– 26,8 mg.kg
-1
soil, EDTA was input in three variants
– per 1 mg.kg
-1
soil, 0,1 mg.kg
-1
and 0,5 mg.kg
-1
soil
were placed into the soils simultaneously with the
radionuclide.
Fig. 2 and 3 represent the transfer factors characterizing
the migration of radio cesium from the soil into the
plants.
As it is seen from the results presented, the input of
potassium, calcium and EDTA in the Orthic Luvisols
significantly decreased the input of Сs-134 into the
pepper plants. The highest effect has the input of 1 mg
EDTA .kg
-1
soil – Tf decreased by 94%. The input of
calcium results in the decrease of Tf by 90 %, and that
of potassium and the lower concentrations of EDTA (0,1
mg.kg
-1
and 0,5 mg.kg
-1
soil) - by 88%.
In the Fluvisols the highest effect has the input of
potassium into soil – the transfer factors decrease by 58
%, in relation to plants with the input of potassium this
percentage is 29, whilst the input of EDTA decreases Tf
by 8 and 18 % respectively.
The following conclusions may be drawn from the
obtained results:
- The coefficients of transfer in plants grown over are
comparable with those in the Orthic Luvisols
- The accumulation of radio-cesium with input of
potassium, calcium ETDAin the Orthic Luvisols notably
decreases - Tf decreases by 80 – 90 %.
- In Fluvisols the input of potassium into the soil has the
highest effect.
REFERENCES
[1] Naydenov, M., Yordanova I., Staneva D., Misheva
L., “Procedures for Determination of Alpha- Beta- and
Gamma-Emitting Radioactive Isotopes in Environmental
Samples”, National Center for Agricultural Science,
Sofia, 2001, (in Bulgarian)
[2] Rajkov (L.), 1978. - Radioactive elements in
soils and their uptake by plants, Zemizdat, Sofia,. (in
Bulgarian).
[3] Staneva D(2005), “Ifluence of soil charachteristics
on the uptake of Ce-144, Ag-110 and Ru-106 by plants”,
JCER, vol. 6, № 1(in english)